Causes of OCD

In the early 1910s, Sigmund Freud attributed obsessive–compulsive behavior to unconscious conflicts which manifested as symptoms. Freud describes the clinical history of a typical case of "touching phobia" as starting in early childhood, when the person has a strong desire to touch an item. In response, the person develops an "external prohibition" against this type of touching. The cognitive–behavioral model suggests that compulsive behaviour is carried out to remove anxiety-provoking intrusive thoughts. Unfortunately this only brings about temporary relief as the thought re-emerges. Each time the behaviour occurs it is negatively reinforced by the relief from anxiety, thereby explaining why the dysfunctional activity increases and generalizes (extends to other, related stimuli) over a period of time.

OCD has been linked to abnormalities with the neurotransmitter serotonin , although it could be either a cause or an effect of these abnormalities. Serotonin is thought to have a role in regulating anxiety. To send chemical messages from one neuron to another, serotonin must bind to the receptor sites located on the neighboring nerve cell. It is hypothesized that the serotonin receptors of OCD sufferers may be relatively understimulated. This suggestion is consistent with the observation that many OCD patients benefit from the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of antidepressant medications that allow for more serotonin to be readily available to other nerve cells.

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Gamma Knife Surgery for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Gamma Knife Surgery for OCD

Gamma Knife surgery represents one of the most advanced means available to manage brain tumors , arteriovenous malformations , pain or Movement disorders ( Parkinsons’s Disease , Tremors ) & OCD. The procedure is unique because, with the Gamma Knife, no surgical incision is performed to expose the target.The Gamma Knife isn't really a knife at all, but Radiosurgery - a non-invasive neurosurgical procedure that uses powerful doses of radiation to target and treat diseased brain tissue while leaving surrounding tissue intact. Gamma Knife treatment offers new hope for patients with OCD.
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OCD Treatment

Obsessive compulsive disorder is a highly disabling pathological condition which in the most severe and drug-resistant form can severely impair social, cognitive and interpersonal functioning. Deep-brain stimulation has been demonstrated to be an effective and safe interventional procedure in such refractory forms in selected cases. The first Italian experience in the treatment of this pathology by means of nucleus accumbens stimulation  has been published .


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Neurosurgical Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

While many methods have been utilized in the Neurosurgical treatment of OCD , four procedures have evolved as the safest and most effective. These are all performed bilaterally and under stereotactic conditions to allow for precise lesioning of target structures. They include:


1.) Anterior cingulotomy.

2.) Subcaudate tractotomy.

3.) Limbic leucotomy.

4.) Anterior capsulotomy.

Although Talairach was the first to describe anterior capsulotomy, Leksell popularized the procedure for patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders. The aim was to interrupt presumed fronto-thalamic connections in the anterior limb of the internal capsule where they pass between the head of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. Clinical indications for Capsulotomy initially included schizophrenia, depression, chronic anxiety states and obsessional neurosis. Lesions are created by Gamma knife technique .


Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Worries, doubts, and superstitious beliefs are common in everyday life. However, when they become so excessive such as hours of hand washing or driving around and around the block to check that an accident didn't occur then a diagnosis of OCD is made. In OCD, the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and just can't let go. People with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder  often say the symptoms feel like a case of mental hiccups that won't go away. OCD is a medical brain disorder that causes problems in information processing. It is not your fault or the result of a "weak" or unstable personality.


Before the arrival of modern medications and cognitive behavior therapy, OCD was generally thought to be untreatable. Most people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder continued to suffer, despite years of ineffective psychotherapy. Today, luckily, treatment can help most people with OCD. Although OCD is usually completely curable only in some individuals, most people achieve meaningful and long-term symptom relief with comprehensive treatment

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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